But what exactly is PriPAYD ? Basically, it’s a much less intrusive form of PAYD that aggregates all a vehicle’s data directly inside the electronic unit. Many countries, including Belgium, are already exploring this idea. France hasn’t been lingering far behind either ; the French PriPAYD solution has been around since 2001 and it’s called e-bonus®.

In the framework of PAYD applications, the aggregation of data is a technical and/or legal necessity, particularly in France. However, the interpretation of this idea can have extremely important consequences for individual privacy rights.

In France today, the insurers who wish to develop a PAYD offer for individuals don’t have much choice : they are required to use aggregate data to comply with the recommendations of the CNIL.

In France, the first work on aggregating data from vehicles began in 2001 with the e-bonus® project, also known as "dynamic bonus".

At that time, when many were relying on accident data recorders (black boxes), ACT Concepts was working on a system of aggregating data that could evaluate risks taken while driving.